an annotated bibliography for an introduction to design theory

I want to present a short annotated bibliography, for a general introduction to design research and theory. I'd been thinking about this for around a year, and now I've found a little peace of mind to do it. The bibliography will follow my personal itinerary into design theory, which has unfolded through my PhD studies, so I may be omitting some important texts. And there are some texts that I've deliberately omitted for the sake of brevity. Nevertheless, I can assure you about the importance of the works that I mention below, which cover the same issues better, I think.

General / Overall / Introductory:

For a nice and overall introduction to design related issues, Kees Dorst's "Understanding Design" is ideal. However, the must-read book on design theory is Bryan Lawson's "How Designers Think". Both of these books are comprehensive and they include nice bibliographies to delve further into design issues. Another important work in this regard is Nigel Cross' "Designerly Ways of Knowing", a compilation of several of Cross' important articles. If you want to dig deeper into design theory, Donald Schön's 1983 book, "The Reflective Practitioner" is the first on the list (well, I think it is a compulsory read).

There are several other works by these authors. For example Lawson has published a book called "What Designers Know", and he also co-authored "Design Expertise" with Dorst. The first of these books do not add much on How Designers Think, and for the one on expertise, although it contains a considerable amount of repetitions from earlier works of both authors, it is worth a look. Cross has also recently published a book on expert designers, "Design Thinking: Understanding How Designers Think and Work", which, besides some detailed case descriptions do not offer much new insight. Though not comprehensive enough (I think), Peter Rowe's 1987 book "Design Thinking" is also interesting, as it undertakes an investigation of the realm of discourse.

History of design research and theory:

Nigan Bayazit published an article on the history of design research (Investigating design: a review of forty years of design research. Design Issues, Volume 20, Number 1 Winter 2004). But this text is a bit too short to fully examine the evolution of the ideas that guide design research. There is a great compilation of important early texts on design research: "Developments in Design Methodology" (1984), which is edited by Cross. In addition to a series of historically important articles, the fifth part of the book compiles several critical reviews of the early history of design research, by its very pioneers.

Additionally, there are several books which give some sense of the attitudes of the era. Perhaps these shouldn't have been on this list, but an insufficiency of secondary studies makes it necessary to delve into some original contributions. For example, John Christoper Jones' book, "Design Methods" is really interesting. It is a long piece of highly idiosyncratic writing (this is why it's worth a look :]). Christopher Alexander's books "Notes on the synthesis of form" (1966) and "A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction" (1977) also deserve mention. Geoffrey Broadbent's 1973 book "Design in Architecture: Architecture and The Human Sciences" is an extensive textbook of its era, and is useful in understanding some -now outdated- concepts. For better understanding the history of AI studies in design, which developed side-by-side with design research, Nigel Cross' "The Automated Architect" (1977) is quite informative.

Design Participation: 

Henry Sanoff edited "Participatory design: theory and techniques" (1990), which provides glances into both history and methods of participatory practices. He has also got a book named "Community participation methods in design and planning" (2000), which is introduced in google books as, "The only how-to guide to community design written from the design professional's perspective" (I am yet to read this one).

Methodology:

As for methodological issues, there are two important collections of protocol studies: The first, "Analysing Design Activity" [Cross, N., Christiaans, H., Dorst, K. (Eds.) (1996)] is based on The Delft Protocols Workshop. And the second more recent one is "About: Designing: analysing design meetings" [McDonnell, J., and Lloyd, P. (Eds.) (2009)]. They are worth a look in order to see the immense diversity of approaches and also limitations of these types of experimental approaches to design, which are strongly influenced by cognitive science.

Indeed, each important (and sometimes groundbreaking) theoretical work on design is based on some sort of case study. Darke, Akin, Schön, Rowe, Lawson, Cross -whomsoever- all have appealed to some sort of case description, though not always laboratory cases as in protocol studies. And my impression is, the breadth and skillfulness of the interpretation appears more important than the controlled conditions for the collection of the information. Lawson's How Designers Think includes illuminating notes on the development of methodological understandings. A keyword that I find highly interesting is research-by-design, on which an intense debate has been going on for around 20 years. The seminal text is Christopher Frayling's "Research in Art and Design" (1993) (which I haven't been able to attain yet. If you have a copy, could you please share with me?). But, together with the issue of the disciplinary status of design fields, the issue deserves another bibliography of its own, and I am not sure if I am competent enough yet to write it (although we have already published three conference papers on it).

Design and artificial intelligence:

One of the most cited texts on computational issues in design is Herbert Simon's work, "The Sciences of the Artificial" (1969), which proposes to reduce design to optimization in order to rationalize it. It is hard to understand the long lasting influence of this approach unless one considers the more engineering oriented sub-fields of design. However, not all design is optimization and Simon and followers (for example Yehuda Kalay and the performance oriented camp) found a strong opponent in the name of Schön, who explicitly opposes Simon. Henrik Gedenryd, a Schönian, brought forward an interesting polemical argument in "How Designers Work" (1998), which, however, disregards the possibility of online and situated agents altogether. A more two-sided inquiry can be found in Dorst and Dijkhuis (1995), "Comparing paradigms for describing design activity" [Design Studies, 16 (1995) 261-274.]. And a conceptual architecture for a situated design agent, which is in line with Schönian reflection-in-action paradigm is being developed by Gero and colleagues, a rather mature expression of which can be found in Gero and Kannengiesser (2007), "A function–behavior–structure ontology of processes" [Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, (2007), 21, 379–391.]

CAD/CAM concepts:

The above list, together with the general works on design theory and history of design research, I believe, is the most concise (and necessary) introduction to artificial intelligence in design. But the introductory book on design computing in general is Yehuda Kalay's work, "Architecture's New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design" (2004).

Journals:

There are these two journals to be inspected first: Design Studies and Design Issues. I can't go on to count other journals, which are not explicitly dedicated to design theory, but that occasionally publish relevant articles (there's a myriad of them).

[Please feel free to suggest other texts or to object to the items that I have listed, comments section is open :)]

[tasarım kuramlarına giriş için kısa bir kaynakça, ingilizce yazdım, belki bir gugıllayan olur da bir faydam dokunur kimbilir.]